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  <title>Net Metering Pakistan 2025 | How It Works & Savings Calculator</title>
  <meta name="description" content="Clear, fast guide to solar net metering in Pakistan: how it works, DISCO-wise steps, calculators for savings & payback, and city-wise installers." />
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      <div class="brand"><span class="dot"></span> Net‑Meterings.com</div>
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        <ul>
          <li><a href="#calculators">Calculators</a></li>
          <li><a href="/how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
          <li><a href="/apply">Apply</a></li>
          <li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li>
        </ul>
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  <main class="container">
    <!-- HERO -->
    <section class="hero">
      <div>
        <h1>Net Metering in Pakistan — clear steps, instant math.</h1>
        <p>Understand net metering, check your savings & payback, then follow DISCO‑wise steps to apply. Built for homeowners, updated for 2025.</p>
        <div class="cta">
          <a class="btn" href="#calculators">Try Solar Savings</a>
          <a class="btn secondary" href="#calculators">Check Payback</a>
          <a class="btn ghost" href="mailto:support@net-meterings.com?subject=Solar%20Quote">Get Installer Quotes</a>
        </div>
        <div class="kpis section">
          <div class="kpi"><strong>NEPRA Policy</strong><div>See the 2025 update → <a href="/policy/nepra-net-metering-2025">policy guide</a></div></div>
          <div class="kpi"><strong>DISCO Coverage</strong><div><a href="/discos/k-electric-net-metering">K‑Electric</a>, <a href="/discos/lesco-net-metering">LESCO</a>, <a href="/discos/mepco-net-metering">MEPCO</a>, <a href="/discos/iesco-net-metering">IESCO</a>, <a href="/discos/gepco-net-metering">GEPCO</a>, <a href="/discos/pesco-net-metering">PESCO</a>, <a href="/discos/hesco-net-metering">HESCO</a>, <a href="/discos/sepco-net-metering">SEPCO</a>, <a href="/discos/qesco-net-metering">QESCO</a></div></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <div class="card">
          <h3>Quick Apply — overview</h3>
          <ol>
            <li>Site survey & quotation (installer)</li>
            <li>Net‑meter application to your DISCO</li>
            <li>System install & inspection</li>
            <li>Bi‑directional “green” meter install</li>
            <li>Net‑metering agreement & export credits begin</li>
          </ol>
          <p class="note">Full walkthrough: <a href="/how-it-works">How Net Metering Works</a> • <a href="/apply">How to Apply</a></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- CALCULATORS -->
    <section id="calculators" class="section">
      <h2>Calculators</h2>
      <div class="calc-grid">

        <!-- Calculator A: Solar Savings (Monthly) -->
        <div class="card calc" id="savings-calc-card">
          <h3>Solar Savings (Monthly)</h3>
          <form id="savingsForm">
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>Monthly Electricity Bill (PKR)</label>
                <input type="number" step="1" id="sv_bill" placeholder="30000" value="30000" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Grid Tariff (PKR/kWh)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="sv_tariff" placeholder="60" value="60" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>System Size (kW)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="sv_kw" placeholder="5" value="5" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Solar Output (kWh/kW/day)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="sv_pf" placeholder="4.5" value="4.5" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>Self‑Consumption (%)</label>
                <input type="number" step="1" id="sv_self" placeholder="70" value="70" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Export Credit (PKR/kWh)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="sv_export" placeholder="30" value="30" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <button type="button" class="btn" id="sv_run">Calculate</button>
            <div class="result" id="sv_result" style="display:none"></div>
            <p class="note">Assumptions are editable. Real bills vary by slab, taxes, and DISCO rules. This is an estimate only.</p>
          </form>
        </div>

        <!-- Calculator B: Net Metering Payback -->
        <div class="card calc" id="payback-calc-card">
          <h3>Net Metering Payback</h3>
          <form id="paybackForm">
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>System Size (kW)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_kw" value="5" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Installed Cost (PKR/kW)</label>
                <input type="number" step="1000" id="pb_cost_per_kw" value="175000" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>Solar Output (kWh/kW/day)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_pf" value="4.5" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Self‑Consumption (%)</label>
                <input type="number" step="1" id="pb_self" value="70" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>Grid Tariff (PKR/kWh)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_tariff" value="60" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Export Credit (PKR/kWh)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_export" value="30" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>Tariff Escalation (%/yr)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_escalation" value="5" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Panel Degradation (%/yr)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_deg" value="0.5" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div>
                <label>O&M (% of upfront/yr)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_onm" value="1" />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>Discount Rate (%/yr)</label>
                <input type="number" step="0.1" id="pb_disc" value="12" />
              </div>
            </div>
            <button type="button" class="btn" id="pb_run">Run Payback</button>
            <div class="result" id="pb_result" style="display:none"></div>
            <p class="note">Simple payback, NPV and IRR over 25 years. Numbers are indicative; verify with your installer and DISCO.
            </p>
          </form>
        </div>

      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- CITY GUIDES -->
    <section class="section">
      <h2>City Guides</h2>
      <div class="cards">
        <a class="card" href="/cities/lahore"><h3>Lahore</h3><p>Top installers, permits, lead times, and local tariffs.</p></a>
        <a class="card" href="/cities/karachi"><h3>Karachi</h3><p>K‑Electric process, timelines, inspection checklist.</p></a>
        <a class="card" href="/cities/islamabad"><h3>Islamabad</h3><p>IESCO process, documents, typical payback examples.</p></a>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- FAQ -->
    <section id="faq" class="section">
      <h2>FAQs</h2>
      <div class="list">
        <details class="card"><summary><strong>What is a net meter?</strong></summary><p>A bi‑directional “green” meter that records both import (from grid) and export (to grid) so your bill reflects the net energy or export credits per DISCO rules.</p></details>
        <details class="card"><summary><strong>Do I still pay a bill?</strong></summary><p>Yes. Even with high export, you may see minimum charges, taxes or fees from your DISCO.</p></details>
        <details class="card"><summary><strong>Will export credits carry forward?</strong></summary><p>Depends on current policy and DISCO. Check our <a href="/policy/nepra-net-metering-2025">policy explainer</a>.</p></details>
        <details class="card"><summary><strong>What size system should I choose?</strong></summary><p>Generally right‑size for your daytime load and roof space. Use the calculators above, then confirm with a professional survey.</p></details>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- TOPICAL MAP (20 posts) -->
    <section id="topical-map" class="section">
      <h2>Topical Map — 20 Priority Posts</h2>
      <ol class="list">
        <li><a href="/net-metering-in-pakistan">Net Metering in Pakistan (2025 Homeowner Guide)</a></li>
        <li><a href="/how-it-works">How Net Metering Works: Import/Export & Billing</a></li>
        <li><a href="/policy/nepra-net-metering-2025">NEPRA Net Metering Policy (2025) Explained</a></li>
        <li><a href="/apply">How to Apply for Net Metering (Step‑by‑Step)</a></li>
        <li><a href="/green-meter-bi-directional">What is a Green (Bi‑Directional) Meter?</a></li>
        <li><a href="/documents-checklist">Documents Checklist (CNIC, NOC, Single Line Diagram, etc.)</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/k-electric-net-metering">K‑Electric Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/lesco-net-metering">LESCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/iesco-net-metering">IESCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/mepco-net-metering">MEPCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/gepco-net-metering">GEPCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/pesco-net-metering">PESCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/hesco-net-metering">HESCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/sepco-net-metering">SEPCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/discos/qesco-net-metering">QESCO Net Metering: Process & Forms</a></li>
        <li><a href="/costs-and-payback">Costs & Payback: 3kW/5kW/10kW Examples</a></li>
        <li><a href="/hybrid-inverter-for-net-metering">Hybrid Inverters for Net Metering (Sizing & Brands)</a></li>
        <li><a href="/solar-panel-sizing-5kw-10kw">Solar Panel Sizing: 5kW vs 10kW</a></li>
        <li><a href="/common-rejection-reasons">Common Rejection Reasons & How to Avoid Them</a></li>
        <li><a href="/case-studies-real-bills">Case Studies: Before/After Bills (Anonymized)</a></li>
      </ol>
    </section>
  </main>

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    <div class="container footgrid">
      <div>
        <h3>Need help?</h3>
        <p>Email us at <a href="mailto:support@net-meterings.com">support@net-meterings.com</a> for installer quotes or questions.</p>
        <p class="note">Disclaimer: This site offers general information and calculators for estimates only. For exact terms, consult your DISCO and installer.</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <h3>Quick Links</h3>
        <div class="list">
          <a href="/faq">FAQ</a>
          <a href="/blog/">Blog</a>
          <a href="/calculators/solar-savings">Solar Savings Calculator</a>
          <a href="/calculators/net-metering-payback">Net Metering Payback Calculator</a>
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  <!-- Calculator Scripts -->
  <script>
    function fmtPKR(n){
      try{ return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-PK',{style:'currency',currency:'PKR',maximumFractionDigits:0}).format(n);}catch(e){return 'PKR ' + Math.round(n).toLocaleString();}
    }

    // Calculator A — Solar Savings (Monthly)
    function calcSavings(){
      const bill = +document.getElementById('sv_bill').value || 0;
      const tariff = +document.getElementById('sv_tariff').value || 0; // PKR/kWh
      const kw = +document.getElementById('sv_kw').value || 0;
      const pf = +document.getElementById('sv_pf').value || 0; // kWh per kW per day
      const selfPct = (+document.getElementById('sv_self').value || 0)/100; // 0..1
      const exportRate = +document.getElementById('sv_export').value || 0; // PKR/kWh

      if(tariff<=0 || pf<=0 || kw<=0){
        return {error:'Please enter valid positive values.'};
      }
      const days = 30;
      const monthlyGen = kw * pf * days; // kWh
      const consumptionKWh = bill / tariff; // estimated

      const potentialSelf = monthlyGen * selfPct;
      const selfKWh = Math.min(consumptionKWh, potentialSelf);
      const exportKWh = Math.max(0, monthlyGen - selfKWh);

      const creditSelf = selfKWh * tariff;
      const creditExport = exportKWh * exportRate;
      const newBillRaw = (consumptionKWh - selfKWh) * tariff - creditExport;
      const newBill = Math.max(0, newBillRaw);
      const savings = bill - newBill;

      return {
        monthlyGen, consumptionKWh, selfKWh, exportKWh, creditSelf, creditExport, newBill, savings
      };
    }

    function renderSavings(){
      const out = document.getElementById('sv_result');
      const r = calcSavings();
      if(r.error){ out.style.display='block'; out.innerHTML = '<p>'+r.error+'</p>'; return; }
      const html = `
        <h4>Estimate</h4>
        <div><strong>Monthly Solar Generation:</strong> ${r.monthlyGen.toFixed(0)} kWh</div>
        <div><strong>Self‑Consumed:</strong> ${r.selfKWh.toFixed(0)} kWh • <strong>Exported:</strong> ${r.exportKWh.toFixed(0)} kWh</div>
        <div><strong>Bill After Solar:</strong> ${fmtPKR(r.newBill)}</div>
        <div><strong>Estimated Monthly Savings:</strong> ${fmtPKR(r.savings)}</div>
        <div class="note">Self‑consumption and export credit are editable above. This is a simplified estimate.</div>
      `;
      out.style.display='block';
      out.innerHTML = html;
    }

    document.getElementById('sv_run').addEventListener('click', renderSavings);

    // Calculator B — Payback (25-year horizon)
    function npv(rate, cashflows){
      return cashflows.reduce((acc,cf,i)=> acc + cf/Math.pow(1+rate, i), 0);
    }
    function irr(cashflows){
      // simple bisection between -0.99 and 1.0
      let low=-0.99, high=1.0, mid;
      for(let i=0;i<80;i++){
        mid = (low+high)/2;
        const v = npv(mid, cashflows);
        if(Math.abs(v)<1e-3) break;
        if(v>0) low = mid; else high = mid;
      }
      return mid;
    }

    function runPayback(){
      const kw = +document.getElementById('pb_kw').value || 0;
      const costPerKw = +document.getElementById('pb_cost_per_kw').value || 0;
      const pf = +document.getElementById('pb_pf').value || 0;
      const selfPct = (+document.getElementById('pb_self').value || 0)/100;
      const tariff0 = +document.getElementById('pb_tariff').value || 0;
      const export0 = +document.getElementById('pb_export').value || 0;
      const escal = (+document.getElementById('pb_escalation').value || 0)/100;
      const deg = (+document.getElementById('pb_deg').value || 0)/100;
      const onmPct = (+document.getElementById('pb_onm').value || 0)/100;
      const disc = (+document.getElementById('pb_disc').value || 0)/100;

      if(kw<=0 || pf<=0 || costPerKw<=0) return {error:'Please enter valid values.'};

      const upfront = kw * costPerKw; // year 0
      const days = 365;
      const baseGen = kw * pf * days; // year-1 generation before degradation

      let cum = -upfront;
      let simplePaybackYear = null;
      const horizon = 25;
      const cashflows = [-upfront];

      for(let y=1;y<=horizon;y++){
        const genY = baseGen * Math.pow(1 - deg, y-1);
        const selfKWh = genY * selfPct;
        const exportKWh = genY * (1 - selfPct);
        const priceY = tariff0 * Math.pow(1 + escal, y-1);
        const exportY = export0 * Math.pow(1 + escal, y-1);
        const savings = selfKWh * priceY + exportKWh * exportY;
        const onm = upfront * onmPct;
        const net = savings - onm;
        cashflows.push(net);
        cum += net;
        if(simplePaybackYear===null && cum>=0){ simplePaybackYear = y; }
      }

      const npvVal = npv(disc, cashflows);
      const irrVal = irr(cashflows);

      return { upfront, simplePaybackYear, npvVal, irrVal, cashflows };
    }

    function renderPayback(){
      const out = document.getElementById('pb_result');
      const r = runPayback();
      if(r.error){ out.style.display='block'; out.innerHTML = '<p>'+r.error+'</p>'; return; }
      const yrs = r.simplePaybackYear ? r.simplePaybackYear + ' years' : 'Not within 25 years';
      const irrTxt = isFinite(r.irrVal) ? (r.irrVal*100).toFixed(1)+'%':'—';
      const html = `
        <h4>Results</h4>
        <div><strong>Upfront Cost:</strong> ${fmtPKR(r.upfront)}</div>
        <div><strong>Simple Payback:</strong> ${yrs}</div>
        <div><strong>NPV @ discount:</strong> ${fmtPKR(r.npvVal)}</div>
        <div><strong>IRR (approx):</strong> ${irrTxt}</div>
        <details style="margin-top:6px"><summary>Show yearly cashflows</summary>
          <div class="note">Year 0 = -Upfront; Years 1–25 = net savings after O&M.</div>
          <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--ring);padding:8px;border-radius:8px;max-height:260px;overflow:auto;">${r.cashflows.map((v,i)=>`Year ${i}: ${fmtPKR(v)}`).join('\n')}</pre>
        </details>
      `;
      out.style.display='block';
      out.innerHTML = html;
    }

    document.getElementById('pb_run').addEventListener('click', renderPayback);
  </script>

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        "@type": "Question",
        "name": "Do I still pay a bill?",
        "acceptedAnswer": {"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. Minimum charges, taxes or fees may still apply depending on your DISCO."}
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